"English" words from other languages

anchor, butter, chalk, cheese, kettle, kitchen, church, dish, mile, pepper, pound, sack, sickle, street, wall, wine

badger, combe, valley

anchor, butter, chalk, cheese, kettle, kitchen, church, dish, mile, pepper, pound, sack, sickle, street, wall, wine

anger, blight, by-law, cake, call, clumsy, doze, egg, fellow, gear, get, give, hale, hit, husband, kick, kill, kilt, kindle, law, low, lump, rag, raise, root, scathe, scorch, score, scowl, scrape, scrub, seat, skill, skin, skirt, sky, sly, take, they, them, their, thrall,

thrust, ugly, want, window, wing

Law and government: attorney, bailiff, chancellor, chattel, country, court, crime, defendant, evidence, government, jail, judge, jury, larceny, noble, parliament, plaintiff, plea, prison, revenue, state, tax, verdict

Church: abbot, chaplain, chapter, clergy, friar, prayer, preach, priest, religion, sacrament, saint, sermon

Nobility: baron, baroness; count, countess; duke, duchess; marquis, marquess; prince, princess; viscount, viscountess; noble, royal

Military: army, artillery, battle, captain, company, corporal, defense, enemy, marine, navy, sergeant, soldier, volunteer

Cooking: beef, boil, broil, butcher, dine, fry, mutton, pork, poultry, roast, salmon, stew, veal

Culture and luxury goods: art, bracelet, claret, clarinet, dance, diamond, fashion, fur, jewel, oboe, painting, pendant, satin, ruby, sculpture

Other: adventure, change, charge, chart, courage, devout, dignity, enamor, feign, fruit, letter, literature, magic, male, female, mirror, pilgrimage, proud, question, regard, special

agile, abdomen, anatomy, area, capsule, compensate, dexterity, discus, disc/disk, excavate, expensive, fictitious, gradual, habitual,

insane, janitor, meditate, notorious, orbit, peninsula, physician, superintendent, ultimate, vindicate

(many of these via Latin) anonymous, atmosphere, autograph, catastrophe, climax, comedy, critic, data, ecstasy, history, ostracize, parasite, pneumonia, skeleton, tonic, tragedy

alcove, algebra, algorithm, almanac, azimuth, alchemy, amber, cipher, coffee, orange, saffron, sugar, zenith, zero

High culture : ballet, bouillabaisse, cabernet, cachet, chaise longue, champagne, chic, cognac, corsage, faux pas, nom de plume, quiche, rouge, roulet,

sachet, salon, saloon, sang-froid, savoir faire

War and military : bastion, battalion, bayonet, brigade, cavalry, grenade, infantry, pallisade, rebuff

Other : bigot, chassis, clique, denim, garage, grotesque, jean(s), niche, shock

armada, adobe, alligator, alpaca, armadillo, barricade, bravado, cannibal, canyon, coyote, desperado, embargo, enchilada, guitar, marijuana, mesa, mosquito, mustang, ranch, taco, tornado, tortilla,

vigilante

alto, arsenal, balcony, broccoli, cameo, cappuccino, casino, cupola, duo, espresso, fresco, fugue, gazette (via French), ghetto, gondola, grotto, linguini, macaroni, madrigal, mafioso, motto, piano, opera, pantaloons, pasta, pizza, prima donna, ravioli, regatta, sequin, soprano, spagetti, spumante, opera, stanza, stucco, studio, tempo, torso,

umbrella, viola, violin, zabaglione, zucchini

fjord, maelstrom, ombudsman, ski, slalom, smorgasbord

apparatchik, borscht, czar/tsar, glasnost, icon, perestroika, vodka

avatar, karma, mahatma, swastika, yoga

Shipping, naval terms: 

avast, boom, bow, bowsprit, buoy, commodore, cruise, dock, freight, keel, keelhaul, leak, pump, reef, scoop, scour, skipper, sloop, smuggle, splice, tackle, yawl, yacht

Cloth industry: bale, cambric, duck (fabric), fuller's earth, mart, nap (of cloth), selvage, spool, stripe

Art: easel, etching, landscape, sketch

War: beleaguer, holster, freebooter, furlough, onslaught

Food and drink: booze, brandy(wine), coleslaw, cookie, cranberry, crullers, gin, hops, stockfish, waffle

Other: bugger (orig. French), crap, curl, dollar, scum, split (orig. nautical term), uproar

bum, dunk, feldspar, quartz, hex, lager, knackwurst, liverwurst, loafer, noodle, poodle, dachshund, pretzel, pinochle, pumpernickel, sauerkraut, schnitzel, zwieback, (beer)stein, lederhosen, dirndl

20th century German loanwords: blitzkrieg, zeppelin, strafe, U-boat, delicatessen, hamburger, frankfurter, wiener, hausfrau, kindergarten, Oktoberfest, schuss, 

wunderkind, bundt (cake), spritz (cookies), (apple) strudel

Yiddish (most are 20th century borrowings): bagel, Chanukkah (Hanukkah), chutzpah, dreidel, kibbitzer, kosher, lox, pastrami (orig. from Romanian), schlep, spiel, schlepp, schlemiel, schlimazel, gefilte fish, goy, klutz, knish, matzoh, oy vey, schmuck, schnook,

bandanna, bangle, bungalow, chintz, cot, cummerbund, dungaree, juggernaut, jungle, loot, maharaja, nabob, pajamas, punch (the drink), shampoo, thug, kedgeree, jamboree

curry, mango, teak, pariah

check, checkmate, chess

bedouin, emir, jakir, gazelle, giraffe, harem, hashish, lute, minaret, mosque, myrrh, salaam, sirocco, sultan, vizier, bazaar, caravan

boomerang, budgerigar, didgeridoo, kangaroo (and many more in Australian English) 

chop suey, chow mein, dim sum, tea, ginseng, kowtow, litchee

banana (via Portuguese), banjo, boogie-woogie, chigger, goober, gorilla, gumbo, jazz, jitterbug, jitters, juke(box), voodoo, yam, zebra, zombie

ketchup, amok

geisha, hara kiri, judo, jujitsu, kamikaze, karaoke, kimono, samurai, soy, sumo, sushi, tsunami 

bamboo, gingham, rattan, taboo, tattoo, ukulele, boondocks